For instance, it has been shown that compliance depends on partisanship 6, 7, gender 8, news media 9 and civic capital 10. Others have explored compliance (or intention to comply) with lockdown restrictions with an emphasis on effectiveness. Several studies have demonstrated the crucial importance of isolating infected individuals and the necessity at the time to impose these restrictions on individual behavior to limit the initial spread of the disease 3, 4, 5. To limit the spread of the virus, governments around the world resorted to imposing large-scale containment measures, most notably lockdowns on authorized economic activity, mobility and social interactions 3. In 2020 alone, the covid-19 pandemic cost over 1.8 million lives 1 and led to more than 33 million layoffs worldwide 2.
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Since non-complying individuals at the beginning of the pandemic share certain characteristics with vaccination sceptics, understanding their compliance behaviour will remain essential for future policymaking. As long as new strains emerge, governments may therefore be required to complement vaccination campaigns with targeted and time limited restrictions. Thus, while epidemiologically the virus spread was naturally more limited during the warmer period of 2020, sociologically the higher temperature led to lower individual-level compliance with public health measures. Warmer temperatures increased the non-compliance of individuals who are male, divorced, part-time employed, and/or parent of more than two children. Using a highly granular dataset on compliance of over 105,000 individuals between March and May 2020 in the United Kingdom (UK), we find that compliance with lockdown policies was initially high in the overall population during the earlier phase of the pandemic, but that compliance fell substantially over time, especially among specific segments of society. Yet, there has been growing discontent with social distancing rules during national lockdowns across several countries, particularly among certain demographic and socio-economic groups.
![uk lockdown 2021 uk lockdown 2021](https://www.hji.co.uk/wp-content/efs/2020/10/COVID-19-Lockdown-Measures_Featured-image.jpg)
The effectiveness of containment measures has been shown to depend on both epidemiological and sociological mechanisms, most notably compliance with national lockdown rules.